countries over the period 1950 to 2007. As main political factors the level of democracy in the trading partners as well as the …

I investigate how the third wave of democracy influenced national defense spending by using a panel of 110 countries … four democracy measures to address differences among democracy indices. The results from a dynamic panel data model suggest … that democracy's third wave decreased defense spending relative to GDP by about 10% within countries that experienced …

This study examines the dynamic relationship between democracy and the military in more than 40 developing countries … from 1990 to 2017. We investigate the dynamic interaction between democracy and military institutions using a panel vector … autoregressive model and impulse response functions as well as variance decomposition analyses. We show that democracy plays a …