In this paper, the introduction of direct-democratic decision-making in all EU decisions is considered when it is feasible without prohibitively increasing decision-making costs. We start with the contractarian argument that each constitution is a contract joining the citizens of a state and...

The literature on institutional determinants of intra-state violence commonly asserts that the presence of multiple political parties reduces the conflict potential within countries; by co-opting oppositional groups into an institutionalized political arena, dissidents would prefer...

Founded in 1992, Sussex European Institute (SEI) is the leading research and postgraduate training centre on contemporary European issues. SEI has a distinctive philosophy built on interdisciplinarity, a broad and inclusive approach to Europe, policy-relevance at the academic cutting edge, and...

Please note that the EPERN was originally launched as the Opposing Europe Research Network (OERN) but in August 2003 the Network was retitled to reflect a broadening out of the Network's research focus. EPERN Working Papers are therefore a continuation of the original OERN Working Paper Series.

The completion of the fifth enlargement of the European Union (EU) with the accession of Bulgaria and Romania transformed the union into a Black Sea actor. Irrespective of whether we choose not to question the statute of the Black Sea area as a region or attempt to grasp its complexity, it...

This book is neither the first nor last word on the role of organised civil society in democratic life inthe European Union. However, it does present a number of fascinating illustrations about the way civilsociety organisations provide avenues of expression for the European citizen.Above all,...