of democracy in his country during his tenure. This effect is shown to be independent from the leader's education level …, as well as from his profession. Moreover, it is mainly driven by countries with a poor initial level of democracy. These …

This study examines the dynamic relationship between democracy and the military in more than 40 developing countries … from 1990 to 2017. We investigate the dynamic interaction between democracy and military institutions using a panel vector … autoregressive model and impulse response functions as well as variance decomposition analyses. We show that democracy plays a …