The emergence of a ‘new middle’ or a group of people that are neither poor nor in all likelihood completely secure from poverty in many middle-income countries (MICs) raises a series of questions: Is this group really a new ‘middle class’? How is this group new or different from the...

The non-completion of primary school and educational attainment in general in Indonesia has been associated with an increased likelihood of being or remaining poor. In light of this, this paper considers the evolution of primary school non-completion using six rounds of the Indonesia Demographic...

The economic crisis engulfing many Less Developed Countries (LDC’s) has focused attention on the fragility of their financial sector. But longer-term need of many LDC’s economies is to boost technological capability. While the physical capital is no longer the main problem for most of them,...

This paper discusses the evolution of education and health poverty in Indonesia during a period of substantial economic development. The paper reviews the existing empirical research and provides new estimates of the evolution of education and health poverty using the Demographic and Health...