In the pre-reforms period the trade policy in Latin America had involved very high levels of protection and government … intervention. The recent trade liberalization policies of the Latin American countries have sought to reverse the protectionist … paper discusses the impact of trade openness policy on tariff structure, export competitiveness, inflation and economic …

This article shows how institutional quality can affect the relationship between trade and growth. Our model looks at … institutions gain more (in terms of growth) from trade than countries with weak institutions, due to the effect of institutions on … trade policy. It is also possible to show that the quality of institutions in one country can spill over into another by …

This paper provides new evidence of the effects of road construction on both domestic and international trade flows in … those supported by multilateral development banks. We find that road construction helped to reduce trade costs significantly … internal trade costs decreases by 20%, and the ad valorem rate of international trade costs decreases, on average, by 15 …

tourist, trade and economic growth. Although tourism is one of the major components in the trade of services, and it has been …-relationship between economic development, total trade (import and export) and number of tourist arrival for Malaysia and her major tourism …, volume of total trade and economic development’s indicator shows that these three variables are moved in tandem …

This paper examines the effects of trade on economic growth and growth volatility. Using the 1967-1975 closure of the … Suez Canal as an instrument for trade, I find that trade leads to higher economic growth, and lower probability of … recession or economic slowdown. There is no evidence that trade reduces growth volatility, however. …

trade restrictions. Recent work, notably Rodriguez and Rodrik (2000), asserts that all the evidence is fragile, implying … that economists who believe that trade restrictions played a role in this poor performance do so largely on faith. This … for the question or are bound to have low statistical power. After revising and updating measures of trade openness used …

This paper provides new evidence of the effects of road construction on both domestic and international trade flows in … those supported by multilateral development banks. We find that road construction helped to reduce trade costs significantly … internal trade costs decreases by 20%, and the ad valorem rate of international trade costs decreases, on average, by 15 …