from agriculture. Many rural people in the developing world are poor, and conversely, most of the world's poor people … inhabit rural areas. Agriculture also accounts for a significant fraction of the economic activity in the developing world … that changes affecting agriculture have large aggregate effects. Thus, it seems reasonable that agricultural productivity …

urbanization are unsustainably high. Deep existing deficits in basic urban services such as housing, transit, water, sanitation and …

In light of the United Nations' (UN) latest urbanization projections, par- ticularly with respect to India and the … People's Republic of China, a good understanding is needed of what drives aggregate urbanization trends. Yet, previous … literature has largely neglected the issue in favor of studying urban concentration. Taking advantage of the latest UN World …

relationship between investment, urbanization, and economic growth. In one mechanism, urbanization generates demand for … productivity. Another mechanism emphasized in this paper is that infrastructure investment can promote urbanization through … of goods and production factors (labor and capital) is a fundamental force that drives urbanization, but the market may …

higher-income consumers. Urbanization occurs sooner when rural or urban productivity is higher or transport costs are lower … achieves various thresholds of urbanization. Controlling for country fixed effects and neighbors' urbanization using spatial … techniques, we find that the date at which each cell passes each urbanization threshold is positively associated with its …