freed. But accession to the EU is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for economic growth. The combined effects … of market access and economic liberalisation, not EU membership, optimise economic growth. Unfortunately, the incoming EU …-trade agreements with the EU, the Central and Eastern European countries were cajoled into an increasingly centralised superstate, in …

EU and other regions. The results suggest that the growth-enhancing effect of R&D in the EU15 countries does not differ … inspection of the data reveals that the weak results for the EU15 stem from comparisons with the US - the US has been able to … sector investment in R&D and stronger public-private sector linkages than in the EU. Hence, to reduce the "innovation gap …