This paper examines the relationship among real GDP, CO2 emissions, and energy use in the six Gulf Cooperation Council …, Oman, and Qatar) the predominance of the "growth hypothesis" emerges, since energy use drives the real GDP. Moreover, only …

This paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, GDP, and trade-openness from … causality results, trade-openness does not positively impact CO2 emissions, GDP leads CO2 emissions, and trade-openness causes …