This paper considers a multi-firms advertising model under uncertainty of the Nerlove-Arrow type. It is shown (under a Markovian assumption of the advertising process) that the probability of sales for a firm in a multi-firms setting is given by a Poisson distribution with a parameter given by...

This paper provides evidence that scores on simple, low-stakes tests are associated with future economic success because the scores also reflect test takers' personality traits associated with their level of intrinsic motivation. To establish this, I use the coding speed test that was...