learning in Indonesian primary schools. As the responsibility to deliver primary education has been decentralized to district … learning trajectories across districts. We document substantial heterogeneity in learning gains across districts. Furthermore …, we show that schools with more active teacher working groups and higher-qualified teachers achieve better learning gains …

Background: Due to the Covid 19 pandemic, in many countries, higher, secondary and even primary education experienced …: The main objective of the research was to identify the most important digital tools applied by educators and students … students using digital teaching platforms or emails. The answers were analysed by descriptive statistics. Results: Research …

the broader environment in which students live, suggesting a learning agenda that stretches far beyond education … help overcome remaining demand-side barriers to enrollment. Nonetheless, the quality of education appears very poor across … the developing world, limiting development impact. Thus we should measure and promote learning not schooling. Conditional …