market and economic measures, which ultimately also benefit younger people, youth-targeted measures are needed given the … actual policy responses in the area of youth employment during the COVID-19 crisis in 20 selected countries. If such measures …, broader policy support continues to be needed, including specific policy measures targeting youth. …

regions as well as the diverse types of job retention schemes, in particular short-time work, furlough and wage subsidy …

market and economic measures, which ultimately also benefit younger people, youth-targeted measures are needed given the … actual policy responses in the area of youth employment during the COVID-19 crisis in 20 selected countries. If such measures …, broader policy support continues to be needed, including specific policy measures targeting youth. …

' propensity to hire the outof-work, by lowering the costs of low-skill labour, reducing associated administrative and regulatory … costs and in the longer term by providing graduates with more relevant skills. This paper outlines reforms in each of these …

afterwards. Beyond the well documented asymmetries across countries, we uncover different responses of adult and youth … unemployment rates. While adult unemployment is more prone to experience structural breaks, youth unemployment is more sensitive to … specifically targeted to youth unemployed in bad times. One important implication of our findings is that generic labour market …

. Low employment protection encourages costly education efforts to access high productivity and high innovation sectors … thus provides incentives for costly self-insurance against unemployment risk through education, mitigating the moral hazard …

question, further action is necessary. The IZA concept includes the following elements: (1) Education reform: Early childhood … education must be improved. Social background should no longer determine future career prospects. More independence and … competition between schools and universities would improve the quality of education. Selection of students into different …

the conditioning role played by the skills of the labour force, captured by different levels of education. We find that … stricter labour protection reduces labour productivity growth in sectors with a large share of workers with tertiary education …, whereas this effect is negligible or positive in sectors where workers with secondary or only primary education are more …