In many settings, systems are composed of a group of independent sub-units. Each sub-unit produces the same set of outputs by consuming the same set of inputs. Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) views such a system as a "black-box", and uses the sum of the respective inputs and outputs...

IMF policies have been widely criticized in the aftermath of the Asian crisis. Key critics questioned the appropriateness and the sequencing of financial liberalization programs which, along with insufficient monitoring and inadequate prudential regulations, left the financial sectors of the...