As the performance of long-term projects is not observable in the short run politicians may pander to public opinion … contracts, and democratic elections. An information market is used to predict the long-term performance of a policy, while … to stand for reelection. Reelection thresholds are offered by politicians during campaigns. We show that, on balance, the …

and the subsequent pursuit of a Congressional career. The empirical approach uses a sample of mixed-gender elections to … election relative to an analogous impact for men who closely win or lose a state legislature election. We find that the effect …

Party performance in state and federal elections is highly interdependent. Federal elections impact regional voting … the endogenous variables; the federal election trend is treated as predetermined. Our results suggest that shocks in …

candidates by observing their pre-election behavior. Egoistic types may strategically imitate benevolent types in the pre-election … the public sector is effective. We analyze the role of institutions like investigative media and re-election and show that …