We examine effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment losses across metropolitan area status and population size …. Non-metropolitan and metropolitan areas of all sizes experienced significant employment losses, but the impacts are much … larger in large metropolitan areas. Employment losses manifest as increased unemployment, labor force withdrawal, and …

We examine the impact of uncertainty on employment dynamics. Alternative measures of uncertainty are constructed based … employment, and the effects are primarily felt by the relatively smaller businesses; the impact on large businesses are generally … non-existent or weaker. Our results suggest that to truly understand the effects of uncertainty on employment dynamics, we …

This paper investigates the relationship between state-based conflict and entrepreneurship. From a survey of the … opportunity-motivated forms of entrepreneurship, and (2) a positive association with unproductive and necessity-motivated forms of … entrepreneurship. We test these hypotheses by drawing on several state-based conflict and entrepreneurship measures, using appropriate …