production, energy, and emissions in a demand-driven framework. The model introduces three innovations in modeling the production … side of the economy. First, the firms and the energy producers are vertically integrated interlinking output and prices … across the two sectors. Second, energy supply is generated from two different sources; a non-renewable input dependent high …

set on energy and economic growth from Sweden spanning 150 years to determine whether increases in energy use and energy … with larger samples are more likely to show that energy causes output growth but it is also possible that the relationship … between energy and growth has changed over time. Energy prices have a significant causal impact on both energy use and output …

The main goal of the paper is to investigate relation between economic development and energy consumption in Croatia … energy consumption in Croatia. Analyzed period is from 1953 to 2005. In the paper vector auto-regression model (VAR), Granger …-integration technique. Applying Granger’s causality test in Croatian case, we found that GDP Granger causes total energy consumption not …