Hong and Kao (2004) proposed a panel data test for serial correlation of unknown form. However, their test is computationally difficult to implement, and simulation studies show the test to have bad small-sample properties. We extend Gencay's (2011) time series test for serial correlation to the...

The paper describes process of electricity market liberalization, and concentrates on one phase - unbundling. First part sums up findings on electricity market liberalization, and explains unbundling principles, initial situation and expected outcome. In the second part unbundling costs are...

The implementation of biodiesel in Indonesia has been regarded as one of the main strategies to improve country's energy security equally and equitably. However, as the largest archipelago country in the world, the activity in distributing their biodiesel production bears a key problem. The...

Hong and Kao (2004) proposed a panel data test for serial correlation of unknown form. However, their test is computationally difficult to implement, and simulation studies show the test to have bad small-sample properties. We extend Gencay’s (2011) time series test for serial correlation to...

The effects of a complex liberalisation process in local gas distribution are examined in this paper. The aim of this analysis is to emphasise the multidimensional aspects of such a reform in gas market regulation at local level. First of all, Local Public Finance will bear strong losses due to...