consistent with police treating enforcement effort and punishment severity as complementary. I also find that citywide crime and …We still know very little about the incentives of police, often due to data constraints and the underlying policy … environment. Using geocoded crime data and a novel source of within-city spatial and temporal variation in punishment severity, I …

corruption. We compare the influences of latent enforcement (police, judicial, and prosecutorial employment) versus actual …Adding a new dimension to determinants of corruption, this paper examines the effectiveness of enforcement in reducing … enforcement (conviction rates) and enforcing institutions. Results based on data for more than 80 countries show that piecemeal …

quantities of drugs during periods of enforcement shocks caused by enforcement activities targeting the gang's drug supply chain …. This counter-intuitive finding can be explained by the pushers' profit targeting behavior. Given that enforcement shocks …

Two countries set their enforcement non-cooperatively to deter native and foreign individuals from committing crime in …- mitted a crime in a country must be extradited back. When extradition is not too costly, countries overinvest in enforcement … their territory. Crime is mobile, ex ante (migration) and ex post (fleeing), and criminals hiding abroad after having com …