states and growing divergence between European powers. In our model, the impact of war on the European state system depends … on: i) the importance of money for determining the war outcome (which stands for the cost of war), and ii) a country … of war. Initially, this caused more internally cohesive states to invest more in state capacity, while other (more …

, institutions can work on ethnic conflict by either accommodating (“consociationalists”) or denying (“integrationists”) ethnicity in … mostly inconclusive. The following questions remain open: a) Is politicized ethnicity really a conflict risk? b) What impact … conflict risks? …

opinion leaders on IED in the region. The barriers identified to IED in this context are: mistrust and conflict, socio …

prices.  Relative Southern incomes increase, food production declines, maternal labor intensifies and Southern conflict rises. …

If a civil war begins, it is more likely to be initiated by an ethnic group than any other type of group. We argue that … each of these factors was likely due to three pre-existing patterns associated with ethnicity. First, when political power …

Ethnicity is frequently posited as an important factor in civil violence and other political contexts. Despite the … attention that ethnicity receives, its effects depend on an important, but mostly ignored, assumption that ethnicity is … identify ethnicity correctly in many conditions. Individuals with a stronger identity, however, are often better at correctly …

. Relative Southern incomes increase, food production declines, maternal labor intensifies, and Southern conflict rises. …