indirect effects on gross domestic product (GDP), exports, and employment; and allows for redirection of trade toward other …

reliance on arms exports to oil rich countries. Over the past quarter century, the progressive politicization of the oil … dependent on the precarious interaction between rising oil prices and expanding arms exports emanating from successive Middle …

resort to external funders to finance fixed export costs and investments in production capacities. We assume that sectors … allows firms to finance fixed export costs at a lower interest rate. On the other hand, financial health reduces the cost of … of trade. By increasing the cost of external finance, a financial shock increases the financial cost of exporting and …

sophistication of a country’s exports with the average income level of destination countries, we show that the performance of a … et al. (2007) as a point of departure, we suggest that it is not just the composition of exports but their destination …