processes induced by its import and export links with foreign markets. By using microdata for a large sample of Spanish firms … that firms learn primarily from import links, which enables them to innovate products and processes and to dress up for … starting to export. In a sequence, exporting may enable firms to introduce further innovations. These positive learning effects …

that firms that both export and import are the most productive, followed by importing-, exporting-only firms and nontraders … the extensive margin of imports, but not of exports and the initial condition status is also only relevant for the import …

This question is examined via a standard import specification augmented with differential and time-varying impacts of … in explaining import demand such as credit conditions and business and consumer sentiment are also included. A panel … result shows the import intensity of exports is the highest among all variables. Alone, however, it does not contribute to a …

that firms that both export and import are the most productive, followed by importing-, exporting-only firms and non … exports and the initial condition status is also only relevant for the import side. Similar outcomes are obtained for the …