We document increased old-age mortality rates among Swedish twin mothers compared to non-twin mothers. Results are … pension income shows the highest increase in mortality rates among highly educated mothers and those with above-median pension … based on administrative data on mortality for the years 1990 to 2010. We argue that twins are an unplanned shock to …

children's health at birth, subsequent maternal health and fertility, and longterm human capital outcomes of children. Our … children. However, little is known about the optimal duration of prenatal maternity leave and existing policies are not … cutoff due date. As an additional source of exogenous variation, we use information on non-working mothers, who are not …

children's health at birth, subsequent maternal health and fertility, and longterm human capital outcomes of children. Our … children. However, little is known about the optimal duration of prenatal maternity leave and existing policies are not … cutoff due date. As an additional source of exogenous variation, we use information on non-working mothers, who are not …

Lead exposure has detrimental effects on fertility, infants, children, and adults. Despite the success in removing lead … has been given to lead's impact on fertility, infant mortality, and infant health. This paper examines the existing quasi …-experimental literature on lead and fertility, infant mortality, and infant birth outcomes, highlighting key results, methods, and …