sufficient fiscal buffers during normal and good times. It has also reaffirmed the need for a thorough debt sustainability … narrative shock scenarios; (ii) a stochastic DSA, providing for a probabilistic approach to debt sustainability; and (iii) other … summarised in a heat map, which can provide guidance on the overall assessment of risks to debt sustainability. This method …

sustainability based on the optimal fiscal policy rule provided in this paper, both sides of the Japanese government budget …