Fractal image coding generally seeks to express an image as a union of spatially contracted and greyscale modified copies of subsets of itself. Generally,images are represented as functions u(x) and the fractal coding method is conducted in the framework of L^2 or L^1. Here we formulate a method...

This thesis will first criticize standard financial theory. The focus will be on return distributions, efficient market hypothesis and the independence of returns. Part two gives the intuition to look at markets in a different view. Namely the one proposed by B. Mandelbrot who has shown that...

The article reviews a history of studying the fractal nature of economic laws, focuses on the fractals’ classification on various grounds. The fractals’ theory using in strategic plan-ning and management is justified. It is shown that fractals determine the type and volume of data access...