The present contribution analyses the connection between privacy and trust, with regard to data protection. In particular, it shows how the need to facilitate trust-based relationships may justify some limitations of privacy (in the sense of a right to self-determination over personal data), but...

Law and Security - Facing the Dilemmas is a collection of papers emanating from so-called working group II within Foundations, headed by Professor Kimmo Nuotio of Helsinki University. As much of my own research, writing and teaching at the EUI is related to terrorism and counter-terrorism, it...

The papers collectively aim to improve the understanding of the multi-level interplay between primary EC law and national private law. As such, the authors address the pressing topics of the shifting public – private divide in Community law, the impact of fundamental rights on Internal Market...

The Code of Good Administrative Behaviour has passed fairly unnoticed in academic research on the principle of good administration. However, it is an important source to understand the meaning of this principle and concept in European administrative law, since it encompasses some of its...

In many jurisdictions, the principle of proportionality is actually used by judges as basic standard in the process of judicial review of laws limiting constitutional rights. But what is the normative foundation of the principle of proportionality ? The purpose of this text is to provide one...

The place and legal value of social rights in the EU Charter is only one episode (albeit a long drawn out episode, lasting since 2000)in the ongoing struggle about the ‘fundamentalisation’ of social rights, which is the subject of the contributions to this collective Working Paper. In the...

This contribution argues that concepts of social justice in European and international private law must remain consistent with the principles of justice underlying European and international public law. The contribution begins with a brief explanation of the diversity of conceptions of...

The accession of Central and East European States into the European Convention of Human Rights system was both a threat and a promise to the system. The threat resulted not only from the substantial increase of the number of Member States and that of the case-load, but also from the demise of a...

The French Constitutional Council recently declared that racial and ethnic origins are not objective legislative criteria and conflict with Article 1 of the French Constitution. Both earlier case law as well as the specific political background outside and within the Constitutional Council,...

In the European integration process, the European Union continues to struggle for an identity that can generate widespread support amongst its peoples. In this context it has been suggested by some that the European Union should embrace the Christian values that underpin its national traditions...