, and the women worked closer to home. Next, due to the common pool nature of irrigation water, historically irrigation has …This paper proposes that ancestral use of irrigation reduces contemporary female labor force participation and female … property rights. We test this hypothesis using an exogenous measure of irrigation and data from the Afrobarometer, cross …

design and outcomes. This constitutes a key challenge in Tanzania, where women and femaleheaded households are constrained by … needs to be done to enhance women's access to assets, skills training, and better-quality employment. Further gender …Tanzania has experienced relatively strong and stable economic growth accompanied by social stability over the past two …

Should agricultural development programs target women in order to increase productivity? This paper reviews the … extensive literature on men's and women's relative productivity in agriculture, most of which concludes that controlling for … access to inputs, plot and farmer characateristics, there are little or no gender gaps in productivity. In addition, the …

investigate the gender implications of recently established farmer groups. Traditionally, banana has been a women’s crop in Kenya …With the commercialization of agriculture, women are increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender … negative gender implications of farmer groups can be reduced or avoided when women are group members themselves. In the poorest …

grapple with important gender inequalities. This paper examines, first, the evolution and effects of Tanzania's social …Tanzania has expanded its social protection framework significantly over the past decade, but the country continues to … protection policies since the 2000s, from the perspective of working-age women. Drawing on a scoping review of diverse evidence …