This paper analyses openness to trade, migration and foreign direct investment (FDI) using panel data. The focus is on the relationship between 15 EU countries (EU 15) as destination countries, and 71 trading partner countries which send migrants and receive FDI outflows, where only those...

Being at the heart of today's working life, commuting is of central interest to geographers, policy makers, transport planners and economists alike. This article analyses aggregate commuting using various groups of variables. A special focus is on the questions whether and how the provision of...

The analysis of bilateral trade flows features prominently in empirical research in international economics. Various different international statistical sources are available for researchers and commonly used. Unfortunately, the data happen to differ quite substantially across the different...