cover pandemics have a change in trend and persistence in growth, and in level and persistence in unemployment. We find that … there is an upward trend in the persistence level of growth across centuries. In particular, shocks originated by pandemics … in recent times seem to have a permanent effect on growth. Moreover, our results show that the unemployment rate …

cover pandemics have a change in trend and persistence in growth, and in level and persistence in unemployment. We find that … there is an upward trend in the persistence level of growth across centuries. In particular, shocks originated by pandemics … in recent times seem to have a permanent effect on growth. Moreover, our results show that the unemployment rate …

Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP … levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as 'hysteresis,' argues for unifying the analysis of growth and … renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery …

measuring growth in financial statement analysis is also supported. …

obsolete and make business service outsourcing via cross-border trade more feasible. Although the (service-led) growth … to trade commercial- and specialized business services on long-run growth by applying a dynamic panel data approach to … account for unobserved country specific effects and endogenous growth determinants. The system GMM estimates validate that a …

It is frequently suggested that export diversification contributes to an acceleration of growth in developing countries … international competition. Vertical diversification out of primary into manufactured exports is also associated with growth since … vertical export diversification are positively correlated with economic growth. Yet there have been remarkably few empirical …