We analyze the dynamic interaction of mission-oriented R&D expenditure stocks with domestic and foreign private and public R&D, total-factor-productivity (TFP), and gross domestic product (GDP) for seven EU countries. We use the vector-error-correction method. Permanent changes on...

We analyze the dynamic interaction of Japan's total factor productivity, gross domestic product (GDP) domestic and foreign private and public research and development (R&D) in vector-error-correction models (VECMs) for Japan with data from 1963-2017. Extensive testing leads to favoring a model...

The literature on the effects of aid and remittances as a share of GDP on growth of the GDP per capita has placed much emphasis on growth regressions thereby emphasising only the direct effects on growth. In order to get the total effect one has to capture the indirect ones too and integrate...