We study how upward communication - from workers to managers - about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of …-assessments can be detrimental to workers' performance. In the controlled environment of a laboratory gift-exchange experiment, our … the source and degree of information about individual efforts between treatments, we see that precise knowledge about …

We study how upward communication - from workers to managers - about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of … the source and degree of information about individual efforts between treatments, we see that precise knowledge about … workers ́actual contributions to the team output is beneficial for the success of gift-exchange relationships. Yet, workers …

We construct a price-theoretic model of firms' integration decisions under perfect competition and study their … interplay with consumer demand and welfare. Integration is costly to implement but is effective at coordinating production … integration and product price. Ownership in turn affects output: integration is more productive than non-integration at low prices …

We study how upward communication - from workers to managers - about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of …-assessments can be detrimental to workers´ performance. In the controlled environment of a laboratory gift-exchange experiment, our … the source and degree of information about individual efforts between treatments, we see that precise knowledge about …

We study how upward communication - from workers to managers - about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of …-assessments can be detrimental to workers' performance. In the controlled environment of a laboratory gift-exchange experiment, our … the source and degree of information about individual efforts between treatments, we see that precise knowledge about …

We study how upward communication – from workers to managers – about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of …-assessments can be detrimental to workers' performance. In the controlled environment of a laboratory gift-exchange experiment, our … the source and degree of information about individual efforts between treatments, we see that precise knowledge about …

integration often requires making functional managers responsible for implementing standardization, thereby limiting business … standardization and business-unit managers may misrepresent local market information to limit standardization. As a result …, integration may be value-destroying when motivation is sufficiently important. Providing functional managers only with "dotted …