Shadow banking is a broad concept. A possible definition is that it comprises non-bank institutions which undertake bank-like activities. Another characteristic is that the sector is overall less regulated. Therefore there are still shortcomings in systematic collection of information of the sector.

The financial crisis prompted closer supervision of securitisation as a mechanism for refinancing the economy. In France the principal underlying assets of securitisations are bank loans and credits to resident households and non-financial companies.

Securitisation is growing at a moderate pace in France. With total outstanding securitised assets of EUR 215 billion at mid-2013, France ranks fifth in the euro area. The majority of securitised assets are loans to French residents. Securitisation has facilitated banks’ access to Eurosystem...

Crowdfunding is an alternative way of finance and exchange where those seeking funding and those looking to invest or donate can be matched. Creators and entrepreneurs can make use of online crowdfunding platforms to expand the pool of potential investors and donors, who contribute via the...

This paper surveys the literature on the linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes. It focuses on three major questions. First, what are the basic theoretical linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes? Second, what is the empirical evidence supporting these...

This paper surveys the literature on the linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes. It focuses on three major questions. First, what are the basic theoretical linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes? Second, what is the empirical evidence supporting these...

Although modest in terms of sales, compared to most other sectors, luxury does get a high share of investors', financial analysts’ and media attention. Why would this sector receive a share of attention much bigger than its actual weight? Is it because of its glamourous image, or the...