learning, class discussions, and the use of multimedia sources compared to lecture-only instruction. A difference-in-means test …

equally important, though less frequent.2 The lecture is intended to examine India’s growth prospects during the first two …

as part of a lecture. They conducted two experiments at the University of South Carolina, one in spring 1995 and another … in spring 1997. Students were randomly assigned to either a nographs lecture or a lecture with graphs. The main … lectures were videotaped). The authors found that students in the lecture with graphs in 1995 had significantly lower gain …