informality as a continuum consisting of four degrees. The quantitative data includes 516 manufacturing enterprises which are … effects of formalization. It suggests that the most informal firms do not benefit from formalization due to their underlying … formalization and firm outcomes. Instead of applying a binary formality indicator, it constructs a conceptual framework that regards …

Using a novel panel survey of enterprises in Myanmar, we compare the performance of manufacturing firms by three … different informality definitions. The first is binary, based on whether firms pay taxes. The second captures five categories of …'s workers. Depending on the informality concept used, formalization has positive, insignificant, and negative performance …

Using a novel panel survey of enterprises in Myanmar, we compare the performance of manufacturing firms by three … different informality definitions. The first is binary, based on whether firms pay taxes. The second captures five categories of …'s workers. Depending on the informality concept used, formalization has positive, insignificant, and negative performance …

This paper examines how firms in an emerging economy are affected by violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich … utilization. Resilience to violence differs widely across different types of employment within firms and across firms with … of the most affected firms and the channels through which they are affected. …

This paper examines how firms in an emerging economy are affected by violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich … utilization. Resilience to violence differs widely across different types of employment within firms and across firms with … of the most affected firms and the channels through which they are affected. …

using nationally representative survey data of Indian manufacturing enterprises for the period 1995-2006. In these years of … account for 90 per cent of total manufacturing employment. In order to contrast between a 'modernization' and a 'stagnation … traditional informal activities is related to increased outsourcing by formal manufacturing enterprises. …

using nationally representative survey data of Indian manufacturing enterprises for the period 1995-2006. In these years of … account for 90 per cent of total manufacturing employment. In order to contrast between a 'modernization' and a 'stagnation … traditional informal activities is related to increased outsourcing by formal manufacturing enterprises. …

This paper investigates the urbanization of the Indian manufacturing sector by combining enterprise data from formal … the informal sector is moving from rural to urban locations. While the secular trend for India's manufacturing …