Evolution has created the complexity of the animate world and deciphering the language of evolution is the key toward understanding nature. The dynamics of evolution is simplified by considering it as a superposition of three less sophisticated processes: population dynamics, population support...

RNA and protein molecules were found to be both templates for replication and specific catalysts for biochemical reactions. RNA molecules, although very difficult to obtain via plausible synthetic pathways under prebiotic conditions, are the only candidates for early replicons. Only they are...

Mapping sequences onto biopolymer structures is characterized by redundancy since the numbers of sequences exceed the numbers of structures. The degree of Redundancy depends on the notion of structure. Two classes of biopolymers, RNA molecules and proteins are considered in detail. A general...