The global COVID-19 pandemic caused a severe blow to the world economy, bringing the biggest economic downturn since the Great Depression. This economic downturn was accompanied by various controversies regarding the role of the state in the economy. To withstand these shocks, most of the states...

This paper scrutinizes the debate of Keynes and Hayek concerning the adequate re- sponse to economic crises from a historical perspective. In a first step the develop- ment of the Keynesian economic theory, its ascent during the Great Depression and its use during financially sound times is...