In the past five years, the inflation in the euro area has been well below the European Central Bank’s (ECB) aimed … inflation rate of close to but below two percent for achieving its objective of price stabilization in the medium term. The … present analysis shows that expectations of low inflation, rising cyclical unemployment, and external factors such as low …

Whittle estimation method, the research examines the longmemory properties of headline inflation through monthly data from … January 1996 to January 2023. The study expands upon existing knowledge of inflation persistence by exploring its changes and … the various patterns of inflation persistence in Europe. The findings reveal significant differences in the persistence of …

Can the aging process affect inflation? The prolonged decline of fertility and mortality rates induces a persistent … downward pressure on the natural interest rate. If this development is not internalized by the monetary policy rule, inflation … inflation found in the data for the euro area. In this model, continuing to follow the same rule makes inflation to be on a …

The relationship between inflation and real GDP growth is one of the most widely researched topics in macroeconomics … policy, given the fact that low inflation in combination with high and sustained output growth should be the central … central banks all over the world have selected target levels for inflation and communicated them to the public. Against this …

Headline inflation in the euro area jumped to more than three percent in the summer after years of relatively low … inflation rates well below the target of close to but below two percent set by the ECB until July 2021. One of the main reasons … for the rise in inflation is the increase in energy prices since the beginning of 2021. However, there are further …