Differential item functioning (DIF) can lead to an unfair advantage or disadvantage for certain subgroups in educational and psychological testing. Therefore, a variety of statistical methods has been suggested for detecting DIF in the Rasch model. Most of these methods are designed for the...

If data exhibit a dimensional structure more complex than what is assumed, key conditional independence assumptions of the hypothesized model do not hold. The current work pursues posterior predictive model checking, a flexible family of Bayesian model checking procedures, as a tool for...