In the era of "open innovation", the choice of a cooperative strategy is one of the most significant factors determining the effectiveness of innovation activities. The authors investigate the typical configurations of cooperative networks in Russian manufacturing, including the choice of...

User innovation is the result of information asymmetry. Manufacturers are not completely aware of consumer needs; as a result, skilled users can improve products and suit them to their needs. Users best judge what will lead to commercial success, and they have long been recognized as a valuable...