This paper investigates the impact of government spending on output and the size of the spending multiplier during periods of output contraction vs. expansion. It also investigates the impact of spending when the economy hits the nominal zero lower bound. It uses a panel of 21 advanced countries...

The paper restates the post-Keynesian view of unemployment within a NAIRU framework. In the short run the private effective labour demand need not be downward sloping because of debt deflation and wage-led demand regimes. In the medium run the NAIRU will be endogenous because of the social norm...