On December 31, 2009, the Government Employees Pension System (GEPS) in the Republic of Korea was faced with a huge pension reform. The objective of the reform was to lessen the financial burden in the future. This paper tries to provide a comprehensive understanding on the 2009 reform,...

Using the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR), a new Japanese panel survey of people age 50 or older, we find that many Japanese in their early 50s - compared with those in their late 50s and early 60s - expect their level of public pension benefits to decline. We find that recent...

This paper examines the dynamics of effective pension age in Russia and in particular the role of special privileged early retirement programs in enlarging the number of pensioners in recent decades. When it is possible to receive a pension and continue to work, people often choose to draw the...