This paper aims at proposing measures of polarization for the distribution of a variable when information on the latter … 2008. The ordinal variable refers to the „ability to make ends meet? and polarization is measured between groups defined by … have the highest degree of polarization whereas Cyprus, Ireland and the United Kingdom display the lowest degree. …

Labour-market polarization is characterized by increased employment in occupations at the top but also at the bottom of … polarization trend also in the Nordic labour markets and contrasts it to comparative findings for the USA. Employment growth in the … polarization in employment patterns suggests that the U-shaped pattern of employment change prevails also after controlling for …

on income polarization, which captures both alienation (i.e. heterogeneity between income groups) and identification (i … stagnation between 1989 and 1997, the degree of polarization increased significantly between 1997 and 2006, indicating the … constitution of identified groups in middle and upper income ranges. Although the level of income polarization is higher in rural …

The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of polarization and agglomeration, to explain the mechanisms and … cumulative phenomena, but with different perspectives, in other words, the polarization with a view of economic development and …

shows a significant negative impact on economic growth which is robust to different specifications, polarization measures …

for polarization of jobs which is a recent phenomenon in both labor markets. …