social indicators, such as GDP growth, labour market outcomes, and poverty and inequality, for the period since the fall of … productivity. Total FDI has had only limited effects on inequality and poverty, but FDI from Germany and Austria has been found to … reduce both inequality and poverty, likely because they have benefitted mainly lower-income persons. There are differences in …

services sector is split up into formal and informal activities to account for the fact that poverty is largely confined to the …