This paper compares consumption and income as measures of households' living standards using UK data. It presents … one gets about trends in the level and inequality of living standards in the UK when using consumption, and when one adds … composition of households with low living standards if these are identified with consumption rather than income. …

This paper compares consumption and income as measures of households' living standards using UK data. It presents … one gets about trends in the level and inequality of living standards in the UK when using consumption, and when one adds … composition of households with low living standards if these are identified with consumption rather than income. …

Equivalence scales are often used to adjust household income for differences in characteristics that affect needs. For … consumption. However, in comparing economic well-being across countries and/or time, we ask whether it is appropriate to use the … same equivalence scale if consumption expenditure patterns differ? We estimate equivalence scales for eight countries with …

economies of scale are understated (as is the case when using the 'square root of household size'), the relative poverty …, but not twice as much due to the economies of scale in consumption. In this study, we ask whether it is appropriate to use … a common equivalence scale when comparing economic well-being across countries and/or time if consumption expenditure …

This study assesses temporal and spatial distribution of child deprivation and income poverty using the fifth and sixth … deprivation of children aged 7 to 17 years, and the outcomes were compared to the incidence of income poverty. The analyses reveal … areas; and differences in regional rankings of deprivation and income poverty. Distinct policies for child deprivation and …

Relying on the present literature, official statistics, and household survey data in the People's Republic of China …, this paper summarizes research findings on the relationship between urbanization, urban-rural inequality, and poverty, and … provides further empirical evidence on the role of urbanization and government policies in urban poverty. Several conclusions …