We design and implement the first real-effort experiment that can jointly estimate present bias (Ø) and sophistication (bØ), with separate preference parameters for money (Øm, bØm) and effort (Øe, bØe). In our study, participants chose to (and predicted to) complete 14% (and 10%) fewer...

We design and implement the first real-effort experiment that can jointly estimate present bias (β) and sophistication (bβ), with separate preference parameters for money (βm, bβm) and effort (βe, bβe). In our study, participants chose to (and predicted to) complete 14% (and 10%) fewer...

Halevy (2008) establishes a relation between non-standard behaviors in the domains of risk and time. A decision maker who believes that only present consumption is certain while any future consumption is uncertain exhibits diminishing impatience if and only if her preferences on the risk domain...