This paper extends the existing estimation methods to allow empirical estimation and hypothesis testing under simultaneous price and output uncertainty.

While a competitive firm facing price uncertainty has been extensively studied, this is not so for output uncertainty. This paper analyzes the behavior of a competitive firm facing multiplicative output uncertainty, either with or without price uncertainty. We depict equilibrium and obtain...

When modeling output uncertainty, the multiplicative specification is consistently chosen over the additive form, despite the latter being arguably intuitively more obvious. The rationale for this seems to be that when production risk is the only source of uncertainty, additive uncertainty does...