A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is at the heart of any BOT or BOO type power generation project that is to be undertaken by an Independent Power Producer (IPP). During the past decade privately owned IPPs selling electricity to the power industry has become common place. Such arrangements...

In developed countries pension funds are an integral part of the private capital market. The portfolios of assets represent a large fraction of the total debt and equity of private sector enterprises. The development of a set of private pension plans in Hungary and funding now for the past...

For most electric utility in developing countries the choice of generation technology, the type of financing that is available, the type of ownership of the facility, and electricity tariff policies are not independent variables. This paper reports on an integrated financial, economic and...

The unreliability of electricity supplies is a major cause of the high cost of manufacturing in developing countries. In this paper, we are able to measure the cost imposed by power outages and suggest some feasible mitigating measures. The study employs a rich, if not unique, set of data from...

In this article we argue that the conventional financing and contractual arrangements in private power generation projects encourage the independent power producers (IPPs) to overstate the capital cost as a risk-mitigation strategy. Since the markup is only added to the capital cost, and not to...

The strategy for economic growth and development in the Kyrgyz Republic stated in the Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF) is to make the private sector the engine of growth. The CDF report also discusses mining, tourism and other export generating activities as well as domestic...