Process capability indices have been proposed in the manufacturing industry to provide numerical measures on process reproduction capability, which are effective tools for quality assurance and guidance for process improvement. In process capability analysis, the usual practice for testing...

By approaching capability from the point of view of process loss similar to Cpm , Johnson (1992) provided the expected relative loss Le to consider the proximity of the target value. Putting the loss in relative terms, a user needs only to specify the target and the distance from the target at...