productivity, but this effect was stronger in the areas in which railways were already built. Moreover, railways helped industrial …

the effectiveness of the European railway deregulation process in enhancing efficiency and productivity in the European … regulatory conditions on efficiency and productivity. The first paper, ‘Testing for Economies of Scope in European Railways: An …. We find that for a majority of European railways economies of scope exist. The second paper, ‘Productivity Growth in …

This paper analyzes the productivity in the US rail industry for the period 1980 - 2006. I propose a value … productivity gains can be attributed to returns to scale and the reshuffling of resources to more efficient firms. However …, productivity slows down for the period 1995 - 2000 after important concentrations. I also look at the correlations between firm …

quantities, variety and productivity. Under constant elasticity of demand, each firm prices above its average cost, yet we show …