that these two types of externalities co-exist, but differ in their spatial distribution and attenuation within cities …-city industry cluster in a diversified, large city appears to let firms enjoy the benefits of local industry-specific externalities …

traditional manufacturing and other goods production, and a concomitant failure to invest in and reap the benefits from …

Using a unique database that covers the entire U.S. manufacturing sector from 1976 until 1999, we estimate plant … shocks to productivity, taking into account aggregate manufacturing-sector shocks and industry-level shocks. Plant …

that these two types of externalities co-exist, but differ in their spatial distribution and attenuation within cities …-city industry cluster in a diversified, large city appears to let firms enjoy the benefits of local industry-specific externalities …

but the entire sample of manufacturing firms. This approach accounts for underreporting of innovative firm’s efforts …

propose that specialization and diversity may offer externalities operating at different spatial scales. Using high …

Using firm-level data from France, we document that the shift of economic activity from manufacturing to services over … manufacturing firms that increasingly locate in suburban and rural areas. Motivated by these findings, we estimate a structural … strengthened for services but weakened for manufacturing. This divergence is a key driver of the urban bias but it dampens …