Italy's economic stagnation is a matter of fiscal, national, and European concern. Since a good remedy requires an … Italy's recent economic record, the paper reviews three families of explanations: "unwillingness to reform" accounts … this synthesis, the paper argues that Italy's recent stagnation can be traced back to two key moments: first, a failed …

exporting and productivity shows that exporters on average are more efficient than nonexporters. If that is the case we may also …