economy is also a¤ected by the di¤usion of corruption, its impact depending upon the cost of detecting a bribe agreement. When …

in the rural world, and the effect that corruption has in the political game that determines these allocation decisions …. In the first section of this paper we develop a political economy model where corruption and trade openness counteract to … recently released data on rural public expenditures in Latin America. We find that corruption reduces the amount of public …

when the government is more stable. Corruption is associated with less spending in developing countries, but with more … corruption are fundamental to improving the capacity of developing countries to scale up GHE, and to increasing the efficiency of … stronger monitoring mechanisms for corruption. Delivering aid through NGOs may be an option in countries with high ethnic …

This paper analyses how proportionality of the electoral system, political competition and corruption affect the total … time, a campaign was waged against the corruption of public bureaucrats. The aim of this work is to study the political … rules), the intensity of political competition in the "votes' market" and the corruption of public bureaucracy. We used …